Zizek critique of the Levinasian ethic: enduring inhuman otherness/no facial otherness
Levinas’ ethical push post-WWII caught on in the French continental project. Ethical stabilisation was a necessary asset to purging any future holocaust. While Levinas’ ideas are monumental and revolutionary, Zizek finds them to be incomplete.
Levinas’ ethics as first philosophy topples Heidegger’s being as first philosophy. Placing the other before the self is a method of dignifying the other before the self. Before I know myself I know you and then through knowing you I know myself. While the theoretical basis is compelling, realistically it runs into a few problems. In his face to face ideal, there is a connective maturity in recognising the other as a human beyond the cultural tides. Ridding the stereotypical mischief clouding one’s judgement. Peeling back the humanity over the difference separating the particularity between the dual encounter. It is the automatic signification that precedes any malice.
Sympathising with Levinas’ attempt is critical for adolescents. It is the hyper racial and normative discrimination that belies any proper continuation beyond youth. I personally recall playing in the park by Shop Rite in Englewood with a black kid who was a year or so older than me though I was taller than him. It did not even occur to me who he was or what he looked like. He was fun to play with. Years later, I broke my foot on the last day of school, an hour before Shabbat. That summer I was unable to attend sleep away camp and went to “summer school”. I made friends who were unlike me. While I was happy to befriend them I was aware of my difference. My own ability to befriend non-Jews is parentally educational and personally enjoyable as an extroverted outgoing individual. Not staying in touch with either kid is of little concern as I was young and we were heading in different directions. It had nothing to do with my feelings towards them and more to do with our divergent lives.
While there is something to be said of the situational event. I was only friends with these kids in either the playground or at camp. Once I left in the evening, there was little connection or concern to do so. We were circumstantial friends. This was not a conscious attempt to salvage loneliness but because our busy lives and environmental factors distanced us. Varying priorities isolated us. If I saw them again I would be happy to speak to them. The event itself was a meeting place to display our friendship. This is unlike a Romeo and Juliet love affair meeting in secret as not to sound any alarm bells. This was not a sacrilege but simply an enjoyable moment. Yet it does say something about the congregation of diversity. I even recall my mother speaking casually with the playground friend's mother. I have never asked if she remembers, while she may say the women was a sweet lady, it does not take away from our different lifestyles. Particularities do officially divide people though without malice.
It is crucial to note that in my adolescence, I was unaware of the difference. By the time I reached that summer I was cognisant of differences I personally did not care that I was Jewish and did not attempt to hide my religiosity. My own diversion into special needs was a similar step in questionably unforeseen circles. In a humble moment, my personality is openly exposed to otherness. Others are not. There may be shy individuals, though this occurs in adolescence, it isn’t usually because of cultural differences. The youth are energetic and cease to see otherness. They see friendship. Calling an older sister evil while hugging his black friend on the playground. Children do not recognise the multitude of difference. Yet the difference is heightened by our own social slogans. While inevitably consciousness will recognise the racial and religious variance it does not need to quell the friendship. I owe a lot to my parents who fervently taught to treat all with respect.
Levinasian ethics for me sounds perfect but my educational upbringing imprinted this ideal. For adults to be taught this motif is not easy, grounded in their stereotypical makeup. Levinas’ goal operates in the theoretical. If I see the other I should reflect my identity through theirs. The ontological primary cannot hold up to the pragmatic faculty. While Levinasian ethics does produce an exalted result following the encounter. The recognition of the other before making any other deductions. When the stereotypical inquiries come to mind denounce them. There is a sacred moment that is quickly come and gone tarnished by the fast pass routine. A radical mental shift is necessary. Heidegger’s being as first philosophy extends all the way back to Aristotle. Levinas is searching for an entirely new modality in ethics as first philosophy. A psychological attack on the ontological stake. The ontological is still theoretical and thus indefensibly counteracting.
Ethics as first philosophy is the ultimate goal. Yet it comes at a radical revolution in history. Levinas’ theory is one that must be educated and habituated. One usurping western philosophy. Altering the core of the western canon is a fireable offence in the philosophical world. There is not enough influence to change the perspective. For now, the solution is to mess with the mechanics. The runaway train will advance but a lever must be pulled to shift the train to a different track. On a different track with a different destiny. While the runaway train is on course for its cyclical attitude, there is human engagement to make minimal changes that may have an incredible effect. The parental guide either will teach to love or to hate the stranger. Some parents may not let their children engage with foreigners. Without exposure the values never arise. The youngster mentality is heavily influenced by their surrounding experiences. If not now then when?
This is where university comes in. For me it was the armed forces. In my situation I was forced to coexist and befriend. We needed one another to accomplish the trials and tribulations. Put our fate in each other’s hands. While we never spoke of politics, such points were irrelevant. The ability to advance and build meaning seeking relationships that transcend the stereotypical makeup given the dire circumstances. While the racial-ethnic barrier can be surpassed, can the political side? This point rings true in universities as well. Exposed to diverse ethnicities produces friendships in the same game. A classmate of varying origin is another student. One who can be approached. Their skin colour or cultural garb may be intimidating from the unknown but not out of malice. This can be overcome in routine procedure. Even beyond the autonomous move, placed in class with such individuals can be heteronomously imposed to garner connection.
Ethnicity can be veiled to some extent but it is usually shines in its own right. Nor should one feel the need to hide it out of fear of vicious attack. Many Jews do not cover their heads in public in fear of backlash. While racial aspects cannot be hidden, it is clear that these aspects can surely be triggered and overcome. These are not topics of conversation but of perception. Racism is prudently manifested. My mother once argued that Americans need a national service since university is not the cultural hub it used to be. The collegiate dialogical adventure has become a breeding ground for monistic echo chambers. Yet despite the young moralists already at the peak of social justice and racial equality, they are not always at the head of ethnic defence. Still their hyper moralised mentality is a product for futuristic hope. Assimilation amidst maturity fools the prevailing ethnic monism.
Stereotypes only exist insofar as they remain in the abstract. They exist in the sphere of speculation and accusations. The little evidence nor factual support is the devilish kind of insecure testimony. The ideas can only be quashed with conversation. Stereotypes are not reoccurring issues but embellished narratives. Generalisations are concocted to despair the potential acquaintance. See a news story ferment it into an epidemic. This attitude precedes the conversation. Facial recognition alarms the brain to advance quickly. Alarm bells racing to reach a sanctuary. Humanity is found in dialogue. Conversation pronounces the similarities that compel identification. Avoiding engagement will only permit more isolating negativity. It is the impassioned disassociation prompting its perpetuity.
Conversation may quell the ethnic divide. Realising the humanity in one another. The meta-narrativising is brought to a halt in the exclusive encounter. All those prior conceptions become misconceptions. Conversation thought may reach the humanity of the other yet breaching the ethnic gap still remains in the sphere of the philosophical. Where people stand on issues can not be breached to the humane capsule. Ideology mixed with ethnicity forges stalemate dialogue. The hot button issues unable to communicate efficiently becomes a stereotypical assailant. The political sphere is corrupted of conversation. The engaged encounter between two racially congruent individuals. Yet when the political banter raises eyebrows on the divergent opinions the smile fades into a scowl. The expectation shattered in the ideological foot.
Precautionary divestment is a sincerely tracked attempt. Wishing to live in a sacred echo chamber. Protected from otherness. Wishing to live alongside friends. Only the deepened friendship can surpass the betrayal of political adversary. Convoluted narratives conjoin the friend with other problematic factors. He is one of them. Yet they’re humanity, love for golf and charismatic personality is worthwhile to keep around. It becomes a semi-pragmatic endeavour. The ontological perception is still how bring the greatest conformity to the self. To be living right with those alike. Seeming disagreements need not end the friendship as long as there is a desire to maintain it. It is a dual desire. Unfortunately, the political adversary loses much of his humanity if the foundation is loose. Stereotypical attitudes against otherness conveys its harsh polemic directly. Beliefs are central to value systems.
Otherness is the unknown and scary. A guest at a party out of town. Visions of the night’s events send shivers down the spine. Anxiety corrals preventing ease and potential advancement. Confidence sheds the fearful armour. Stereotypes arise to encounter and those after encounter. Otherness is thus the discomforting public sphere. Walking in and chatting people up lessens the unknown to recognisable. At times it takes a leap of faith beyond conventional wisdom. A deep breath and a step forward. They collapse with each advance. Chatting up someone feeling a spark but the difference of opinion becomes a swift turn off. Instead of walking away, take pride in the ability to possess opposing opinions. Finding a compromise on the issue. Opinions are convictions while some may be dubious or outlandish, they are strongly held beliefs. Making a good impression is resolving the tension between both opinions. Respectfully disagreeing and proposing the felt position. It is not about discarding theirs but respecting it with a principled challenge.
Politics polarises people. It is not simply a governmental approach but a valuational merit. Humanity can be dignified in the conversational discussion. Bordering on unsolicited radioactive inquiries. Reaching dire territory will raise emotional levels. The dialogical humanity regresses into inhumanity. The switch is flipped to antagonising deceit. The blazing attempt to be friends has fondled into madness. From encouraging gestures to finger pointing. Passing the first test of confronting the other can abruptly falter in a matter of minutes. A wrong word, misconstrued position is all it takes. Our beliefs are canonised in the halos of a metaphysical order incapable of mistranslation. Perfect at every angle and avenue. Any attempt to purge that perfection is a violent attack. Quickly cutting ties deserting to preserve its sanctity. While these conversations hit the heart of an individual’s being it is voided to save face. Salvation comes in open disagreement without offence. Contending the possibility of another’s legitimacy.